• Similar to GPR A activation

  2022-02-11

  

  Similar to GPR109A, activation of G-protein-coupled receptor 81 (GPR81, also called HCAR1 (hydroxycarboxylic HPF receptor 1)) by lactate suppresses lipolysis (Fig. 1), suggesting GPR81 to be a potential drug target for treating T2DM (Boyd et al., 1974, Cai et al., 2008, Gold et al., 1963, Houghton

• Cx has been shown to

  2022-02-10

  

  Cx45 has been shown to be serine phosphorylated by CaMKII, CK1, PKA, and MAPK in HeLa PD173955 [77], [78]. Phosphorylation by PKA and MAPK were associated with decreased junctional conductance [78], suggesting that phosphorylation of Cx45 may influence conduction properties. Overall, the roles of b

• br Declarations of interest br Acknowledgements This work wa

  2022-02-10

  

  Declarations of interest Acknowledgements This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81673321, 21506099), the State Key Laboratory of Drug Research (SIMM1705KF-13), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. BK20151541), and the Jiangsu Syne

• The physicochemical properties of the prodrugs provided impo

  2022-02-10

  

  The physicochemical properties of the prodrugs provided important clues for understanding a broad range of inhibitory activities in the cell assays (Table 2). Some physicochemical properties are useful in predicting drug absorption. Considering Lipinski’s rules and the polar surface area (PSA),l-ala

• There has been conflicting evidence on the

  2022-02-10

  

  There has been conflicting evidence on the possible receptor mechanisms that mediate the neuro-immuno-modulatory effects of FAAH substrates. Evidence from in vitro studies indicates that AEA-mediated modulation of TLR4-induced neuroinflammation may be mediated by CB1/CB2 receptor dependent (Correa e

• Furthermore the immunoassays described in our study showed e

  2022-02-10

  

  Furthermore, the immunoassays described in our study showed excellent concordance of more than 93.33% with the LAg-Avidity EIA (Table 2). Using a panel of samples obtained from HIV-1 seroconverters over the course of up to 602 days post-infection, the gp41 peptide-based MP3 or MP4 assay identified s

• In conclusion we demonstrate for the first time that

  2022-02-10

  

  In conclusion, we demonstrate, for the first time, that histamine plays a key role in regulating astrocyte function and gliotransmitter release, and we now must re-consider the roles of monoamine neurotransmitters in brain function in the context of astrocyte signalling. Further in vivo studies will

• Vicenti et al assessed the prevalence of HCV NS A

  2022-02-10

  

  Vicenti et al. [38] assessed the prevalence of HCV NS3/4A PI resistance mutations in HCV genotype 1-infected PI-naïve individuals, including 66 subjects coinfected with HCV/HIV. They found that 19.3% of isolates have at least one mutation related to PI resistance, and the HCV PI resistance mutations

• All the compounds and were assayed

  2022-02-10

  

  All the compounds –, , , –, , – and – were assayed for their potential cytotoxicity at a single dose of 10 µM on Huh7 cells. Interestingly, all compounds proved to be non toxic, with the exception of and which exhibited high cellular toxicity and therefore were excluded from further experiments (a

• br S NO signalling during the

  2022-02-10

  

  (S)NO signalling during the plant immune response Redox signalling molecules must exhibit specificity for their target substrate. Moreover, a given redox-based modification must be reversible to ensure transient signalling. Oxidative cysteine (Cys) modifications are integral to a variety of redox

• br Conclusions br Acknowledgement br Introduction The macrop

  2022-02-10

  

  Conclusions Acknowledgement Introduction The macrophage is an important cell species that plays key roles in innate immune responses and inflammatory reactions through phagocytosis of foreign bodies and secretion of inflammatory mediators such as interleukin (IL)-1, tumor necrosis factor (T

• br Author contributions br Conflict of interest br

  2022-02-10

  

  Author contributions Conflict of interest Acknowledgments We appreciate technical support of the Research Support Center at the Graduate School of Medical Sciences of the Kyushu University. This study was supported by the Uehara Memorial Foundation and a KAKENHI grant from the Ministry of E

• br Materials and methods br Results Aberrant A has been

  2022-02-10

  

  Materials and methods Results Aberrant Aβ has been suggested to be an initiating factor for glutamate excitotoxicity in AD pathology. To investigate whether Aβ1-42 alters glutamate uptake in astrocytes, neurons, and astrocyte-neuron co-cultures, we used synthetic Aβ1-42 peptide. Aβ1-42 has fas

• br Disclosure br Ghrelin System The existence of the ghrelin

  2022-02-09

  

  Disclosure Ghrelin System The existence of the ghrelin system has been demonstrated in many species through a variety of biochemical, anatomical, and genetic studies. It is a complex and intricate regulatory system comprised of several peptides, including mature ghrelin and its derivative des-

• Although exhibited high inhibitory activity was found to be

  2022-02-09

  

  Although exhibited high inhibitory activity, was found to be metabolically unstable due to the hydrolysis of the phosphate group (data not shown), which prompted us to modify the phosphate moiety of . Comparison of the activities between three compounds bearing no or different spacer groups (, , a

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