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br Competing interests br Authors contributions br Transpare
2022-05-12
Competing interests Authors contributions Transparency document Introduction Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum of liver diseases ranging from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which may further progress to liver cirrhosis and liver carcinoma
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Introduction Risk factors for colorectal cancer CRC include
2022-05-12
Introduction Risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC) include high-fat diets, sedentary lifestyles, obesity, diabetes, and elevated serum levels of toxic bile acids (BAs) (de Aguiar Vallim et al., 2013, Degirolamo et al., 2011, Downes and Liddle, 2008, Font-Burgada et al., 2016, Kuipers et al., 201
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Several classes of small molecule inhibitors of
2022-05-12
Several Propylthiouracil of small-molecule inhibitors of FBPase have been reported. These inhibitors can be structurally classified into two groups; non-phosphorus-based inhibitors and phosphorus-based inhibitors. In the former group, several chemotypes including anilinoquinazoline, indole dicarboxy
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br Conclusions and perspectives In conclusion
2022-05-12
Conclusions and perspectives In conclusion, offering duly validated and highly performing assays for measuring DiXaIs in plasma is a step, but not the final issue. More dedicated and individual assays will continue this innovative development, which witnesses the need for collaboration between co
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Literature review suggests a strong presence of central hist
2022-05-12
Literature review suggests a strong presence of central histaminergic transmission in the protein kinase areas targeted by caffeine to induce its behavioral actions. Interestingly, it is reported that caffeine administration increases the histamine neuronal activation and release of histamine in th
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br Hedgehog pathway The Hedgehog pathway Fig derives its nam
2022-05-12
Hedgehog pathway The Hedgehog pathway (Fig. 1) derives its name from Hh gene mutant Drosophila, which presents a spiked phenotype resembling the animal “hedgehog” [13]. The Hh proteins control embryonic development in vertebrates, where the signaling mechanisms mediated by the proteins are multip
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br Materials and methods br Results We
2022-05-12
Materials and methods Results We studied 16 patients infected with HCV genotypes 1a and 1b, naïve for protease inhibitor-based therapy. All patients, chronically infected, were selected by the Hepatology Department for triple therapy. Most of them had severe liver fibrosis at the beginning of
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The fibulins are a newly abundantly in
2022-05-12
The fibulins are a newly abundantly in the basement membrane of blood vessels. Among them, fibulin-1 is essential for elastin polymerization. Tropoelastin cannot be assembled into mature elastin fibrils without the functional fibulin-1. In adult blood vessels, pronounced fibulin 1 deposition can be
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For another the N terminal sequence of native
2022-05-11
For another, the N-terminal sequence of native glucagon is highly conserved, and positions 8, 9, 16 and 18 are noteworthy in maintaining glucagon activity [18], [20], [21]. It also achieves a degree of selectivity from its C-terminal residues, and a significant contribution is made by the C-terminal
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To identify inhibitors of the Hh GLI signaling pathway
2022-05-11
To identify inhibitors of the Hh/GLI signaling pathway from natural resources, we have recently reported the successful construction of a cell-based screening assay system for the Hh/GLI signaling pathway (Fig. 1). This is an assay using a GLI-dependent luciferase reporter in human keratinocyte cell
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A model substance often used in the studies
2022-05-11
A model substance often used in the studies of oxidative processes in erythrocytes is tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP), which, being lipophilic, passes easily across the erythrocyte membrane [9]. In erythrocytes treated with t-BHP (0.1–3mM) for less than 1h, a dramatic decline in the reduced glutath
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br Introduction The fibroblast growth factor receptor FGFR
2022-05-11
Introduction The fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) pathway is an important oncogenic driver in malignant cancer. It controls cellular processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, Vanoxerine progression, metabolism, and survival. In non–small-cell lung cancer, the most
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MMV s distinct mode of inhibition addresses
2022-05-11
MMV019313's distinct mode of inhibition addresses key impediments in the development of PfFPPS/GGPPS inhibitors as antimalarial drugs. First, it is the first non-bisphosphonate inhibitor of Plasmodium FPPS/GGPPS with drug-like physicochemical properties satisfying the “Rule of 5” (Van Voorhis et al.
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Oxybutynin The product chain length determination mechanism
2022-05-11
The product chain-length determination mechanism of -prenyltransferases has not yet been elucidated, although mutational analyses of highly conserved residues and of characteristic amino Oxybutynin residues in each subfamily of -prenyltransferases have enabled the understanding of the basic catalyti
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Antigen presentation of incoming viral particles has
2022-05-11
Antigen presentation of incoming viral particles has been well studied for diverse viruses in antigen-presenting cells (APCs), mostly in dendritic cells and macrophages in the context of the exogenous antigens’ pathway to prime the CD8+ T cells. However, CD4+ T cells are not known as efficient APCs,
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