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A review has recently been published to evaluate the
2024-10-15
A review has recently been published to evaluate the potential effects of food, alcohol and GSA 10 australia juices on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the drugs for BPH. The authors reviewed the PubMed database during the years 1991–2015. In addition, a digital version of Stockley on dr
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A previous study reported that the serotonergic mechanism wa
2024-10-15
A previous study reported that the serotonergic mechanism was involved in the psychological stress-induced alteration in synaptic plasticity in the rat hippocampal CA1 field (Matsumoto et al., 2004). Sumitaka Inoue et al. (Inoue et al., 2014) reported that pretreatment with a 5-HT1A receptor partial
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br Author contributions br Conflicts of interest The
2024-10-14
Author contributions Conflicts of interest The authors declare no competing financial interests. Acknowledgement This work was supported by grants from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Sonderforschungsbereich/Transregio 166–Project C1 and grant CA 1014/1-1 to D.C.) and the IZKF Würzbur
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In this study we showed that TRIM promotes ASK
2024-10-14
In this study, we showed that TRIM48 promotes ASK1 activation through ubiquitination-dependent degradation of a negative regulator of ASK1 activation, protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1). Knocking down TRIM48 suppressed oxidative-stress-induced cell death mediated by ASK1, and the additiona
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Despite these conflicting data about
2024-10-14
Despite these conflicting data about COX-2/ER correlations, a large body of evidence supports that elevated COX-2 expression in breast cancer is a constant feature of high stage disease and a predictor of worse outcome. Upregulation of COX-2 protein has been identified in approximately 40% of cases
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Arginase deficiency is a rare
2024-10-14
Arginase deficiency is a rare urea cycle disorder with hyperargininemia and profound neurological impairment as hallmark features. Arginase-1-deficient mouse models have been created, and they exhibit a profound lethal phenotype approximately 2 weeks after birth in the global knockout (KO) mice or a
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Arginases from several species and tissues have
2024-10-14
Arginases from several species and tissues have been found to be inhibited by amino acids [51]. In the present study, monocarboxyilic amino acids with five or more carbon atoms such as ornithine, lysine, valine, leucine and isoleucine inhibited CL-ARG. The results revealed that as the amino parp inh
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It is now thought that tight
2024-10-14
It is now thought that tight binding of HMGB to condensed chromatin may not be restricted to apoptotic cells. That HMGB proteins might actually be involved in the organization and/or maintenance of heterochromatic regions is suggested by the results of experiments analyzing the stable binding of the
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br Functional repercussions of each trimming pathway
2024-10-14
Functional repercussions of each trimming pathway A main difference between the two pathways presented in Fig. 1 lies in enzyme kinetics and selectivity. In pathway #1, the substrate for ERAP1 is free peptide, and so both kinetics and selectivity are determined by interactions between the peptide
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The metabolism of amino acids into
2024-10-14
The metabolism of amino acids into volatile aldehydes involves both decarboxylation and deamination steps. The order of these reactions and the enzymes performing the catalysis differ among plants [13]. In tomato fruit the conversion of L-Phe to 2-phenylethanal is catalyzed by two enzymatic steps, i
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Through systematic deletion of AhR in specific
2024-10-14
Through systematic HBC sale of AhR in specific cell types, Di Meglio et al. (2014) revealed that AhR in keratinocytes and fibroblasts are key to the exacerbated psoriatic phenotype induced by IMQ in AhR-deficient mice. This emphasizes the crosstalk between keratinocytes and the immune system to regu
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There are two ways to transport FFAs into
2024-10-14
There are two ways to transport FFAs into cells. First by passive diffusion. Second as the putative long-chain fatty GYY 4137 morpholine salt transporters are proposed, CD36 the plasma membrane-associated fatty acid-binding protein (FABPpm) and fatty acid transport proteins (FATP) [11], where CD36
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Since forskolin is known to act directly at the catalytic
2024-10-12
Since forskolin is known to act directly at the catalytic site of adenylate cyclases near the ATP binding (Tesmer et al., 1997), the synergistic and/or permissive effect of gonadotropins on FSK activity must occur at the level of AC itself or very near, at the level of one of its direct partner. The
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br Perspectives and challenges Previously the main focus
2024-10-12
Perspectives and challenges Previously, the main focus of development of adenosine targets for pain was on A1Rs, due to prominent antinociception in multiple preclinical models and preliminary observations in human trials. However, delivery of agonists can be limited by other (e.g. cardiovascular
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br Funding br Introduction l Dihydroxyphenylalanine l DOPA i
2024-10-12
Funding Introduction l-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) is the gold-standard treatment for the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD); however, its chronic use induces severe motor complications that eventually limit its long-term efficacy (Bastide et al., 2015). The most disabling side
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