• Overexpression of SMAD and SMAD strongly

  2023-08-15

  

  Overexpression of SMAD3 and SMAD4 strongly enhanced luciferase activity of the new pN10 reporter gene construct which was further reinforced by addition of TGFβ. Serial mutations of SBE-1 and SBE-2 led to a slight loss in 5-LO promoter inducibility. The data demonstrate that the two SBEs within the

• br Introduction The principal pathways of adrenal and gonada

  2023-08-15

  

  Introduction The principal pathways of adrenal and gonadal steroidogenesis have been known for over 50 years (reviewed by Miller and Auchus, 2011). Cholesterol is first converted to pregnenolone via three reactions, 20-hydroxylation, 22-hydroxylation and scission of the 20,22 carbon–carbon bond,

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion Recently w

  2023-08-14

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Recently, we showed that stimulation of TRPM3 and TRPC6 channels triggers a signaling cascade leading to the activation of AP-1 [11], [12], [13], [15]. The objective of this study was to investigate whether stimulation of TRPV1 channels leads to an a

• For the derivatives a c another likely explanation

  2023-08-14

  

  For the derivatives 3a–3c, another likely explanation for antifungal properties is that polymers bearing primary amine groups and secondary phosphoryl groups formed, enhancing complexation with the phosphate groups, and the complexes are amphiphilic (Palermo, Lee, Ramamoorthy, & Kuroda, 2011). The a

• br Conclusions br Acknowledgments The authors are

  2023-08-14

  

  Conclusions Acknowledgments The authors are thankful to Hugo Santos, Olga Martinez and Ricardo Lacerda for the technical assistance provided in the maintenance of the aquaria. This work was supported by national funds, through FCT and co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)

• Phosphodiesterase inhibition increases the intracellular lev

  2023-08-14

  

  Phosphodiesterase inhibition increases the intracellular levels of cAMP to restore spontaneous contraction (Essayan, 2001, Qi and Kwan, 1996), acting downstream of adenylyl cyclase. Therefore, cardiac arrest induced by decreased intracellular cAMP levels could be reversed by phosphodiesterase inhibi

• br Results br Discussion Members

  2023-08-14

  

  Results Discussion Members of the PfkB family of proteins, which exhibit AK activity, have only been found in the eukaryotic organisms in the past. Hence, the report of a PfkB family protein in MTub that exhibited AK activity was of much interest, and it necessitated closer examination of its

• br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgments br Introduction

  2023-08-14

  

  Conflict of interest Acknowledgments Introduction Inflammation is a protective response of the microcirculation to harmful stimuli. Yet, excessive inflammation is potentially harmful and a characteristic of many chronic diseases [1]. 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO, EC1.13.11.34) contributes to the in

• The first natural product described

  2023-08-14

  

  The first natural product described as 5-LO inhibitor was the polyphenol nordihydroguaiaretic Cy5 Firefly Luciferase mRNA from the Mexican dessert plant Larrea divaricata in 1981 (Bokoch and Reed, 1981), short after the initial identification of 5-LO in 1979 (Borgeat and Samuelsson, 1979). Long tim

• While high fat diet models of insulin resistance are

  2023-08-12

  

  While high-fat diet models of insulin resistance are acceptable approaches for the study of pre-diabetes in humans, they are not suitable for modeling progression towards established type2 diabetes. The pattern of activation of the lipoxygenase pathway in pre-clinical models of type2 diabetes has no

• br Pathophysiology of Alzheimer disease

  2023-08-12

  

  Pathophysiology of Alzheimer disease Alzheimer disease is characterized by severe neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and progressive loss of cognitive abilities. The diagnostic criteria for dementia released by the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association define dementia as the deve

• br ABCA modulates intracellular sphingolipid metabolism in

  2023-08-12

  

  ABCA2 modulates intracellular sphingolipid metabolism in the LE/LY Recycling of plasma membrane lipids that occurs by constitutive endocytosis and vesicularization of complex glycolipids, complex sphingolipids and cholesterol as well as free cholesterol liberated from LDL after receptor-mediated

• br Adenosine and tumor microenvironment In the majority of

  2023-08-12

  

  Adenosine and tumor microenvironment In the majority of carcinogenic processes a proinflammatory state is generated [36], [37]. In addition, a tumor hypoxic environment is generally due to inadequate perfusion of oxygen to the tumor [38]. Immunomodulators are molecules that regulate the immune r

• br STAR Methods br Author Contributions br Acknowledgments W

  2023-08-12

  

  STAR★Methods Author Contributions Acknowledgments We thank Antony M. Dean for initial discussions and encouragement concerning ancestral sequence reconstruction. We also thank Natalie K. Goto for constructive criticism concerning the manuscript, Steven M. Sine for providing KT203 receptor s

• LPA binds to six specific cell surface

  2023-08-11

  

  LPA binds to six specific cell surface GPCR receptors. The receptors LPA1 (lysophosphatidic receptor 1, formerly, Edg2), LPA2 (Edg4) and LPA3 (Edg7) belong to the endothelial differentiation gene family (EDG) and share sequence homology (50–60% amino Sitafloxacin Hydrate homology) An et al., 1997,

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