• br Recent insights into EAAT structure

  2022-02-18

  

  Recent insights into EAAT structure/function aspects The EAATs are secondary-active transporters coupling the movement of one Glu with the symport of three Na+ and one proton and the counter-transport of one K+ [3, 4]. The transporters are trimeric assemblies of protomers that function independen

• br Excitatory amino acid transporter mediated glutamate tran

  2022-02-18

  

  Excitatory amino ITD 1 transporter-mediated glutamate transport Early studies detailing the presence of uptake systems capable of transporting glutamate and aspartate into neurons and glia represented a critical step in the overall task of demonstrating that l-glutamate was indeed an endogenous

• In addition to the increase of

  2022-02-18

  

  In addition to the increase of extracellular glutamate, ICH can also increase the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress. Although the products of red blood cell lysis and plasma components, as well as the excitotoxic effect of glutamate have been to increase oxidative damage (

• While TUNEL staining is traditionally

  2022-02-18

  

  While TUNEL staining is traditionally thought to be an apoptosis marker, studies have shown that TUNEL can stain necrotic COG 133 [19], [20], [21]. Furthermore, DNA degradation has also been observed in necrotic cells [22]. TUNEL staining alone is therefore insufficient to distinguish apoptosis fro

• Due to the versatility of the ghrelin system and

  2022-02-18

  

  Due to the versatility of the ghrelin system and its multiple functions, dysregulation in some of the components of the ghrelin system, such as ghrelin, GOAT, and GHSR, might lead to pathogenesis of many endocrine-related diseases, including obesity, short stature, cancer, inflammatory, and cardiova

• Primarily because secretase was a therapeutic target in

  2022-02-18

  

  Primarily because γ-secretase was a therapeutic target in AD, a plethora of γ-secretase inhibitors (GSIs) have been developed that effectively inhibit γ-secretase cleavage in humans [16]. Indeed, “druggability” of γ-secretase has not been an issue even when the identity of the target was unknown in

• However protection against kainic acid

  2022-02-18

  

  However, protection against kainic acid-induced injury was not found by Lin et al. (2003) in the rats with AAV-GAL vector-mediated galanin overexpression, even though these animals, as mentioned earlier, exhibited attenuated of seizure severity. Although the reason for the controversy between the st

• Gal is a amino acid residue

  2022-02-18

  

  Gal is a 29-amino IKK-16 residue peptide, comprising 30 amino acids in humans, isolated from the porcine intestine 30 years ago (Tatemoto et al., 1983). It has been shown to be involved in the regulation of numerous processes, including neuroendocrine control of systems such as the hypothalamic–pitu

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion Zn

  2022-02-18

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Zn2+ is an extremely abundant transition metal in the synaptic vesicles of hippocampal glutamatergic mossy fibers and remains a key factor in the modulation of neuronal plasticity (Assaf and Chung, 1984). Disruption of Zn2+ homeostasis is associated

• To validate that our natural experiment operates primarily

  2022-02-18

  

  To validate that our natural experiment operates primarily through a large negative shock to the risk-taking incentives provided by option compensation measured by vega, we do two sets of tests. First, we confirm a significant drop in vega after the adoption of FAS 123R for treated firms relative to

• br Development of calibrators and controls for DiXaIs

  2022-02-18

  

  Development of calibrators and controls for DiXaIs Method validation and comparison with reference technique (LC:MS) At this stage, anti-Factor Xa bioassays can be established for reliably measuring DiXaI concentrations in plasma, with the available appropriate drug specific calibrators and co

• br Introduction Migraine is a chronic neurological disorder

  2022-02-18

  

  Introduction Migraine is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of headache. It affects more than 10% of the population worldwide, resulting in a staggering amount of episodic disability, a substantial decrease in the quality of life and a concomitant loss in producti

• M871 br The inhibitory effect of ATP B knockdown

  2022-02-18

  

  The inhibitory effect of ATP7B knockdown on lysosomal exocytosis is likely mediated by the resulting oxidative stress induced by Cu, as exposure to oxidative stress induced by tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) inhibited β-hex exocytosis as well, indicating that oxidative stress inhibits lysosomal ex

• Sperm exocytosis or acrosome reaction AR

  2022-02-18

  

  Sperm exocytosis or acrosome reaction (AR) is a regulated secretion with special characteristics essential for fertilization. The AR relies on the same highly conserved molecules that drive intracellular membrane fusion and exocytosis in all other c75 (see [59] for a recent review). Two such molecu

• br STAR Methods br Acknowledgments Funding for this work was

  2022-02-18

  

  STAR★Methods Acknowledgments Funding for this work was provided by grants from the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) (R01-AI095068 and UM1-AI068613 to S.H.E. and U24-AI118633 to H.B.L.) and grant OPP1155863 from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation to S.J.E. Add

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