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Several large scale clinical studies have set out
2020-01-08
Several large-scale clinical studies have set out with the common goal to further understand the cognitive impact of menopause and hormone therapies taken by women (Gleason et al., 2015, Greendale et al., 2011, Karlamangla et al., 2017, Rapp et al., 2003, Shumaker et al., 2003). Only one human study
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Introduction Breast cancer is a highly prevalent malignancy
2020-01-08
Introduction Breast cancer is a highly prevalent malignancy. There are some recognized risk factors for breast cancer, like early menarche or late menopause, which increase the length of the exposure to hormones, as a result of a higher number of ovarian cycles [1]. Moreover, there is evidence supp
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Prostaglandin E receptor subtype EP is a transmembrane G
2020-01-08
Prostaglandin E receptor subtype 4 (EP4) is a transmembrane G-coupled protein receptor activated by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). EP4 activation exerts anti-inflammatory effects in adipose tissue by dampening the levels of inflammatory chemokines [12]. In the mouse, EP4 deficiency aggravates fragmentatio
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In agreement with the evidence on the
2020-01-08
In agreement with the evidence on the Plg-binding function of tapeworm enolases, eukaryotic enolases have been shown to be multifunctional proteins, with other activities besides their role as glycolytic enzymes (Pancholi, 2001). In this respect, several flatworms have been proved to express enolase
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Preliminary studies evidenced the presence of
2020-01-07
Preliminary studies evidenced the presence of CRFr in gamma-aminobutyric acid-ergic (GABAergic) neurons of the hippocampus (Yan et al., 1998). In fact, in this s equol receptor area, CRF inhibits glutamate release through CRF1r (Bagosi et al., 2015), leading to a decrease in the GABA concentration i
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br Acknowledgements br The oxygenation level has an
2020-01-07
Acknowledgements The oxygenation level has an impact on various aspects of skin physiology, but mechanisms of these effects, including the role of hypoxia in epidermal differentiation, are still poorly understood. The main components of the hypoxia pathway are short-lived transcription factor H
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br Results br Discussion In this paper we present
2020-01-07
Results Discussion In this paper we present insights into the observed specificities of inhibitors targeting the ubiquitin-activating and related E1 SCH 58261 via crystal structures of the specific NEDD8-E1 inhibitor MLN4924, the dual NEDD8/Ub E1 inhibitor ABPA3, and the selective Ub-E1 inhib
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Protein ubiquitination occurs at the lysine residues and is
2020-01-06
Protein ubiquitination occurs at the lysine residues, and is mediated by the sequential reactions of ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1), conjugating enzyme (E2), and ligase (E3). The first step in this process comprises the ATP-dependent activation of ubiquitin by E1 to form a ubiquitin–E1 conjugate.
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GSK343 br Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans CSPGs are
2020-01-06
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are major components of the extracellular matrix in cartilage. Each CSPG comprises a single core protein and attached chondroitin sulfate (CS), belonging to the glycosaminoglycan family of sugar chains. CSPGs and CS are involved in numerous biological and
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AICAR Recoverin is a kDa retinal protein that binds to
2020-01-06
Recoverin is a 23-kDa retinal protein that binds to calcium. It regulates the AICAR of rhodopsin during visual transduction within photoreceptor cells. Since the pathogenicity of anti-recoverin antibody is potent, anti-recoverin CAR patients often have progressive visual impairments, characterized
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thyroid hormone receptor br Materials and methods br Results
2020-01-06
Materials and methods Results Discussion In addition, the responses of CYP450s induced by metalaxyl are species-specific in the four cells. For example, metalaxyl lead to induction of CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP2B1 in HepG2 cells, CYP1A2 and CYP2B1 in H4IIE cells, CYP1A1 and CYP2B1 in LMH cells
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The present study intended to characterize the predominant c
2020-01-06
The present study intended to characterize the predominant cholinesterasic form found in tissues of three tropical fish species, namely Phalloceros harpagos Lucinda, 2008 (common name guaru), Pterygoplichthys pardalis Castelnau, 1855 (common name cascudo) and Astyanax altiparanae Garutti and Britski
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A growing number of other post translational modifications
2020-01-06
A growing number of other post-translational modifications are implicated in regulation of the ubiquitin system, including substrate modification by hydroxylation, glycosylation, acetylation, methylation, modification by poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR), and attachment of ubiquitin-like modifiers. The HIF1-α
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Errors are detected by comparing the output data against an
2020-01-06
Errors are detected by comparing the output data against an error free reference. After error detection, the process is restarted so that only one error is accounted. The susceptibility is inferred by the ratio between injected events and detected errors: = 100×errors÷events%. Error rates are obtai
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MLN8237 br Results and discussion The results and subgroup a
2020-01-06
Results and discussion The results and subgroup analysis of cholesterol and NCS from the both surveys are listed in Table 2 and shown in Fig. 1, A1 to E2. Common discussion Unlikely to the other NCS assays, a target value for cholesterol could be reported in the present survey. For NCS assays
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